Breaking the Silence: Understanding Child Abuse and Neglect — and How We Can Help This April

Written By by Darabeth Freiberg

Every April, National Child Abuse Prevention Month calls attention to one of society’s most pressing and often hidden issues: child abuse and neglect. These experiences can have lifelong consequences, yet many cases go unnoticed. By understanding the signs and the lasting impact on development, we can all play a role in prevention and support.

What is Child Abuse and Neglect?

The World Health Organization defines child maltreatment as physical or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect, or exploitation that results in actual or potential harm to a child's health, development, or dignity. In the U.S., neglect is the most common form of abuse, accounting for 75% of confirmed cases. Physical abuse makes up 17%, while sexual abuse accounts for 9%.

Child abuse comes in many forms:

• Physical abuse: Hitting, kicking, or other forms of physical harm.

• Emotional abuse: Verbal assaults, humiliation, and manipulation.

• Sexual abuse: Exploitation or assault.

• Neglect: Failing to provide for a child's basic needs like food, shelter, medical care, or emotional support.

The Hidden Impact on Development

Beyond physical injuries, child abuse and neglect can negatively affect brain development. Early trauma can lead to:

• Emotional challenges such as anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.

• Difficulty regulating emotions and forming healthy relationships.

• Cognitive and learning difficulties, including issues with attention and executive functioning.

• Behavioral issues like aggression or social withdrawal.

Who’s Most at Risk?

Children from all backgrounds can experience abuse, but certain groups are more vulnerable. Infants and toddlers, children in low-income families, or those whose caregivers struggle with substance use or mental health challenges face elevated risks. Additionally, racial and ethnic disparities persist, with Native American and Black children experiencing higher rates of victimization.

How We Can Make a Difference

While the statistics are sobering, prevention is possible. Here are ways we can all help:

• Educate yourself and others about the signs of abuse and neglect.

• Support parents and caregivers by promoting positive parenting and stress management.

• Advocate for community programs and policies that provide families with resources like childcare, healthcare, and housing.

• Report concerns if you suspect a child is being harmed.

Resource Spotlight: Prevent Child Abuse America

A national leader in child abuse prevention, Prevent Child Abuse America (PCA America) offers a range of programs and resources to support families and professionals alike. Their Healthy Families America program provides home visiting services for at-risk families, helping parents build nurturing relationships with their children.

PCA America also champions advocacy efforts to improve state and federal policies related to child welfare, ensuring that children have access to safe, supportive environments. They offer educational toolkits, community campaigns like Pinwheels for Prevention, and guidance on how to get involved.

Visit Prevent Child Abuse America to learn more or access support services.

Together, We Can Create Change

Child abuse and neglect are preventable. By raising awareness and taking action, especially during National Child Abuse Prevention Month, we can create safer spaces for children to thrive. Whether it’s through community involvement, supporting local initiatives, or simply sharing this information, each of us has the power to make a difference.

If you or someone you know is in crisis, contact the Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline at 1-800-4-A-CHILD (1-800-422-4453) for confidential support 24/7.

References

Prevent Child Abuse America. (2025). Prevent child abuse in America. Prevent Child Abuse America

World Health Organization. (2024, November 5). Child maltreatment. Child maltreatment